Zamenice (Pronouns)

Zamenice predstavljaju vrstu reči namenjena zameni imenice.

  • Maria loves this film. She has viewed it on several occasions and she remains entertained by it.

Zamenice su bitne za rečenicu, međutim rečenice se mogu konstruisati bez njih. Međutim, većina rečenica bi bez zamenica zvučala neuobičajeno:

  • Clarisa is producing her finest work while considering what she must pursue in the future.
  • Clarisa is crafting her finest work and she is considering what she ought to do ahead.

Zamenice treba izbegavati kada njihova upotreba može dovesti do nejasnoće u rečenici:

  • Ornaments on tables make it appear beautiful. (Nije jasno šta se it odnosi.)
  • The boys made frames. The girls decorated them. They enjoyed themselves. (Nejasno je na koga se they odnosi.)

Subjektne zamenice (Subject Pronouns)

Subjektne zamenice služe kao subjekt, odnosno kao vršilac radnje u rečenici:

  • I (ja) – I am acquainted with John. (Ja znam Džona.)
  • you (ti) – You are familiar with John. (Ti znaš Džona.)
  • he (on) – He is acquainted with John. (On zna Džona.)
  • she (ona) – She is familiar with John. (Ona zna Džona.)
  • it (ono) – It is acquainted with John. (Ono zna Džona.)
  • we (mi) – We are familiar with John. (Mi znamo Džona.)
  • you (vi) – You are acquainted with John. (Vi znate Džona.)
  • they (oni, one, ona) – They are familiar with John. (Oni znaju Džona.)

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Objektne zamenice (Object pronouns)

Lične zamenice poseduju objekatski padež, koji se koristi kada zamenice imaju ulogu objekta u rečenici:

  • me (mene) – John is aware of me. (Džon zna mene.)
  • you (tebe) – John is familiar with you. (Džon zna tebe.)
  • him (njega) – John is acquainted with him. (Džon zna njega.)
  • her (nju) – John is aware of her. (Džon zna nju.)
  • it (to) – John is familiar with it. (Džon zna to.)
  • us (nas) – John is acquainted with us. (Džon zna nas.)
  • you (vas) – John is aware of you. (Džon zna vas.)
  • them (njih) – John is familiar with them. (Džon zna njih.)

Primeri:

  • I encounter him each morning. (Viđam ga svako jutro.)
  • My friend keeps asking me to lunch. (Prijateljica me često poziva na ručak.)
  • Her parents are going to send her to London. (Njeni roditelji će je poslati u London.)
  • Michael occasionally gives her this book to read. (Majkl joj ab vremena pozajmljuje da čita ovu knjigu.)
  • Jane displays me her new bicycle daily. (Džejn mi svakodnevno pokazuje svoj novi bicikl.)
  • We are expecting them. (Mi ih očekujemo.)
  • She resides with him. (Ona boravi sa njim.)
  • He obtains a letter from her every Monday. (On svaki ponedeljak dobija pismo od nje.)
  • We constantly talk about him. (Mi neprestano razgovaramo o njemu.)

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Zamenice koje se vraćaju na subjekt (Reflexive pronouns)

U srpskom jeziku, povratna zamenica se doslovno prikazuje preko: sebe ili se i upotrebljava se za opisivanje radnje koju je neko sam izvršio, bez pomoći drugih, uticaja ili odgovornosti, kao što je to slučaj sa povratnim glagolima. Na primer: Ja sam se posekao (Ja sam sebe posekao). U engleskom jeziku, tada imaju sledeće oblike po gramatičkim licima:

Jednina (singular)

myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself

Množina (plural)

ourselves
yourselves
themselves

Primeri:

  • The small girl clothed herself. (Devojčica je sama obukla odelo.)
  • Make it yourself. (Napravite to sami.)
  • He's watching himself in the mirror. (On se posmatra u ogledalu.)
  • He injured himself with a knife. (Povredio se nožem.)
  • Please, serve yourselves. (Molim vas, poslužite se.)
  • Leyla spent a pleasant time in London. She delighted in herself. (Leyla je lepo provodila vreme u Londonu. Zabavljala se je.)

Povratnu zamenicu takođe upotrebljavljamo sa predlogom by sa smislom alone (sam):

  • She travelled on holiday by herself. (Ona je sama putovala na odmor.)
  • I created it by myself. (Ja sam to sama izradila.)

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Zamenice svojine (Possessive pronouns)

Prisvojni pridevi se koriste uz imenice, a prisvojne zamenice se koriste nezavisno.

Prisvojni pridevi:

Jednina (singular)

my (moj)
your (tvoj)
his, her, its (njegov, njen, njegovo)

Množina (plural)

our (naš)
your (vaš)
their (njihov)

Prisvojne zamenice:

Jednina (singular)

mine (moj)
yours (tvoj)
his, hers, its (njegov, njen, njegovo)

Množina (plural)

ours (naš)
yours (vaš)
theirs (njihov)

Prisvojni pridevi i prisvojne zamenice imaju istu srpsku prevodu, ali se drugačije koriste u engleskom jeziku:

  • Is your book this one? (pridev) (Da li je ovo tvoja knjiga?)
  • Is the book yours? (zamenica) (Da li je ova knjiga tvoja?)
  • This automobile is hers. (zamenica) (Ovaj auto je njen.)
  • Her automobile is red. (pridev) (Njen auto je crven.)
  • Your jacket is black and mine is green. (your – pridev, mine – zamenica) (Tvoj kaput je crn, a moj je zelen.)
  • Their vehicle is old, and ours is new. (their – pridev, ours – zamenica) (Njihov auto je star, a naš je nov.)
  • To whom does that coat belong? It's mine. (Čiji je ono kaput? Moj je.)
  • Who owns these shoes? They're hers. (Čije su ove cipele? Njene su.)
  • Who does this car belong to? It's theirs. (Čiji je ovo auto? Njihov je.)
  • To whom do those balls belong? They're ours. (Čije su ono lopte? Naše su.)

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