Present Simple i Present Continuous razlika u jednoj rečenici
Najkraće pravilo glasi: Present Simple je za ono što se ponavlja ili je uvek tačno, a Present Continuous za ono što se dešava sada ili samo privremeno. U srpskom za oba vremena koristimo isti prezent, pa učenici često ne osete razliku. Engleski je, međutim, strog i traži da izaberete jedno.
Uporedite: I work in a bank. (Radim u banci, to mi je posao.) i I'm working from home this week. (Ove nedelje radim od kuće, to je privremeno.) Ista radnja, različita perspektiva.
Kako se gradi Present Simple
Present Simple se gradi od osnovnog oblika glagola. Jedina promena je u trećem licu jednine (he, she, it), gde se dodaje nastavak -s ili -es.
- potvrdni oblik: She plays tennis.
- odrični oblik: She doesn't play tennis. (do not / does not + osnovni glagol)
- upitni oblik: Does she play tennis?
- -es posle -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: watches, goes, fixes
- suglasnik + y prelazi u -ies: study → studies, ali play → plays
Present Continuous kako se gradi
Present Continuous se gradi od glagola to be u sadašnjem vremenu (am, is, are) i glagola sa nastavkom -ing.
- potvrdni oblik: They are watching a film.
- odrični oblik: They aren't watching a film.
- upitni oblik: Are they watching a film?
- nemo -e otpada: make → making, write → writing
- kratak slog sa jednim suglasnikom udvaja ga: run → running, sit → sitting
- -ie prelazi u -y: lie → lying, die → dying
Kada se koristi Present Simple, a kada Present Continuous
| Upotreba | Present Simple | Present Continuous |
|---|---|---|
| Navika ili rutina | I drink coffee every morning. | — |
| Radnja u ovom trenutku | — | I'm drinking coffee now. |
| Opšta istina, činjenica | Water boils at 100 degrees. | — |
| Privremena situacija | — | She's staying with friends this month. |
| Promena koja je u toku | — | Prices are rising. |
| Red vožnje, raspored | The train leaves at 7. | — |
| Dogovorena budućnost | — | I'm meeting Ana tomorrow. |
| Iritirajuća navika (sa always) | — | He's always losing his keys! |
Obratite pažnju na poslednji red: always uz Present Simple je neutralna informacija (He always calls me.), a uz Present Continuous izražava nervozu ili kritiku.
Signalne reči koje pomažu u testu
| Present Simple | Present Continuous |
|---|---|
| always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never | now, right now, at the moment |
| every day, every week, on Mondays | today, this week, this year |
| once a week, twice a month | currently, at present |
| in the morning, at weekends | Look! Listen! Be quiet! |
Signalne reči su pomoć, ali nisu zakon. Rečenica I usually take the bus, but today I'm walking. sadrži oba vremena jer opisuje i naviku i izuzetak.
Stative verbs: glagoli koji ne idu u -ing obliku
Postoji grupa glagola koji opisuju stanje, osećanje, mišljenje ili posedovanje, a ne radnju. Oni se po pravilu ne koriste u Present Continuous, čak ni kada govorimo o ovom trenutku. Kaže se I know the answer now, a ne I'm knowing.
- mišljenje i znanje: know, believe, understand, remember, forget, mean
- osećanja i želje: like, love, hate, want, need, prefer
- posedovanje: have (u značenju imati), own, belong
- čula i utisak: seem, look like, sound, taste, smell
Neki od njih menjaju značenje pa mogu biti i dinamični. I think it's a good idea (mišljenje) prema I'm thinking about the trip (razmišljam, proces u toku). Slično je sa have: I have a car prema I'm having lunch. Celu listu sa primerima naći ćete u lekciji stative verbs.
Brz test za svaki zadatak: zapitajte se da li se radnja ponavlja ili traje baš sada. Ako se ponavlja, birate Present Simple; ako traje sada ili privremeno, Present Continuous. Ako je glagol stanja (know, like, want), ostajete u Present Simple bez obzira na reč now.
Najčešće greške učenika iz Srbije
- Zaboravljeno -s u trećem licu: She work umesto She works.
- Izostavljen glagol to be: I watching TV umesto I'm watching TV.
- Glagoli stanja u -ing obliku: I'm wanting a pizza umesto I want a pizza.
- Dupli nastavak u pitanju: Does he plays? umesto Does he play?
- Present Simple za radnju u toku: Listen! She sings. umesto Listen! She's singing.
Present Simple vs Present Continuous exercises: vežbe sa rešenjima
Vežba 1: stavite glagol u odgovarajuće vreme
- My brother usually ___ (go) to school by bus.
- Be quiet! The baby ___ (sleep).
- Water ___ (freeze) at 0 degrees.
- I ___ (not / understand) this question.
- This week we ___ (learn) about the solar system.
- ___ you ___ (like) horror films?
- Look! It ___ (start) to rain.
- Our English lesson ___ (begin) at 9 on Mondays.
Vežba 2: pronađite i ispravite grešku
- She don't like coffee.
- I'm knowing his sister.
- What do you do right now?
- He is always forget my birthday.
Rešenja
Vežba 1: 1. goes, 2. is sleeping, 3. freezes, 4. don't understand, 5. are learning, 6. Do you like, 7. is starting, 8. begins.
Vežba 2: 1. She doesn't like coffee. 2. I know his sister. 3. What are you doing right now? 4. He always forgets my birthday (ili, uz kritiku: He's always forgetting my birthday).
Kada savladate ova dva vremena, prirodan sledeći korak je prošlost: pogledajte vodič Past Simple i Past Continuous, koji funkcioniše po istoj logici.
Zaključak
Present Simple i Present Continuous se razlikuju po tome kako gledamo na radnju: kao na stalnu i ponovljenu ili kao na nešto što traje sada. Naučite oblike, signalne reči i listu glagola stanja, pa rešite nekoliko vežbi dnevno. Posle nedelju dana izbor između ova dva vremena postaje gotovo automatski.
