Zamenice (Pronouns)

Zamenice su vrsta reči koje se koriste umesto imenice.

  • Maria loves this film. She has watched it several times and she is still not bored.

Zamenice su neophodne u rečenici, međutim moguće je da se nikad ne koriste u rečenici. Mnoge rečenice bi zvučale čudno bez zamenica:

  • Clarisa is creating Clarisa’s best work and Clarisa is thinking what Clarisa needs to do in the future.
  • Clarisa is creating her best work and she is thinking what she needs to do in the future.

Upotrebu zamenica treba izbegavati u slučajevima kad značenje rečenice može biti nejasno:

  • Ornaments on tables make it look nice. (Ne znamo na šta se it odnosi.)
  • The boys made frames. The girls decorated them. They had fun. (Ne znamo na koga se they odnosi.)

 

Subjekatske zamenice (Subject Pronouns)

Subjekatske zamenice imaju funkciju subjekta, odnosno vršioca radnje u rečenici:

  • I (ja) – I know John. (Ja znam Džona.)
  • you (ti) – You know John. (Ti znaš Džona.)
  • he (on) – He knows John. (On zna Džona.)
  • she (ona) – She knows John. (Ona zna Džona.)
  • it (ono) – It knows John. (Ono zna Džona.)
  • we (mi) – We know John. (Mi znamo Džona.)
  • you (vi) – You know John. (Vi znate Džona.)
  • they (oni, one, ona) – They know John. (Oni znaju Džona.)

 

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Objekatske zamenice (Object pronouns)

Lične zamenice imaju i objekatski padež, i on se upotrebljava kada zamenice imaju funkciju objekta u rečenici:

  • me (mene) – John knows me. (Džon zna mene.)
  • you (tebe) – John knows you. (Džon zna tebe.)
  • him (njega) – John knows him. (Džon zna njega.)
  • her (nju) – John knows her. (Džon zna nju.)
  • it (to) – John knows it. (Džon zna to.)
  • us (nas) – John knows us. (Džon zna nas.)
  • you (vas) – John knows you. (Džon zna vas.)
  • them (njih) – John knows them. (Džon zna njih.)

 

Primeri:

  • I see him every morning. (Viđam ga svako jutro.)
  • My friend often invites me to lunch. (Prijateljica me često poziva na ručak.)
  • Her parents will send her to London. (Njeni roditelji će je poslati u London.)
  • Michael sometimes gives her this book to read. (Majkl joj ponekad daje da čita ovu knjigu.)
  • Jane shows me her new bicycle every day. (Džejn mi pokazuje svoj novi bicikl svakog dana.)
  • We are waiting for them. (Mi ih čekamo.)
  • She lives with him. (Ona živi sa njim.)
  • He receives a letter from her on Monday. (On ponedeljkom dobija pismo od nje.)
  • We always speak about him. (Mi uvek govorimo o njemu.)

 

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Povratne zamenice (Reflexive pronouns)

Povratna zamenica u srpskom jeziku se izražava pomoću: sebe ili se i koristi se da se izrazi nešto što je neko sam učinio, bez ičije pomoći, uticaja ili krivice, kao i kod povratnih glagola. Na primer: Ja sam se posekao (Ja sam sebe posekao). U engleskom jeziku, one po licima glase:

Jednina (singular)

myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself

Množina (plural)

ourselves
yourselves
themselves

Primeri:

  • The little girl dressed herself. (Devojčica se sama obukla.)
  • Do it yourself. (Uradite to sami.)
  • He’s looking at himself in the mirror. (On se gleda u ogledalu.)
  • He cut himself with a knife. (Posekao se nožem.)
  • Please, help yourselves. (Poslužite se, molim vas.)
  • Leyla had a nice time in London. She enjoyed herself. (Leyla se lepo provela u Londonu. Uživala je.)

Povratnu zamenicu koristimo i uz predlog by u značenju alone (sam):

  • She went on holiday by herself. (Ona je sama išla na odmor.)
  • I made it by myself. ( Ja sam to sama napravila.)

 

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Prisvojne zamenice (Possessive pronouns)

Prisvojni pridevi se upotrebljavaju uz imenice, dok se prisvojne zamenice upotrebljavaju samostalno.

Prisvojni pridevi:

Jednina (singular)

my (moj)
your (tvoj)
his, her, its (njegov, njen, njegovo)

Množina (plural)

our (naš)
your (vaš)
their (njihov)

 

Prisvojne zamenice:

Jednina (singular)

mine (moj)
yours (tvoj)
his, hers, its (njegov, njen, njegovo)

Množina (plural)

ours (naš)
yours (vaš)
theirs (njihov)

 

Prisvojni pridevi i prisvojne zamenice se na srpski jezik prevode isto, ali im je upotreba u engeskom jeziku različita:

  • Is this your book? (pridev) (Da li je ovo tvoja knjiga?)
  • Is this book yours? (zamenica) (Da li je ova knjiga tvoja?)
  • This car is hers. (zamenica) (Ovaj auto je njen.)
  • Her car is red. (pridev) (Njen auto je crven.)
  • Your coat is black and mine is green.  (your – pridev, mine – zamenica) (Tvoj kaput je crn, a moj je zelen.)
  • Their car is old, and ours is new. (their – pridev, ours – zamenica) (Njihov auto je star, a naš je nov.)
  • Whose coat is that? It’s mine. (Čiji je ono kaput? Moj je.)
  • Whose shoes are these? They’re hers. (Čije su ove cipele? Njene su.)
  • Whose car is this? It’s theirs. (Čiji je ovo auto? Njihov je.)
  • Whose balls are those? They’re ours. (Čije su ono lopte? Naše su.)

 

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